Definition

Forensic taphonomy is the study of human remains from the time of death until their recovery. It studies the processes of decomposition, preservation, and fossilization of human bodies in relation to criminal investigations.

The primary objective of Forensic taphonomy is:

• Estimation of Postmortem Interval (PMI) 
• Crime Scene Reconstruction

Legal Questions

• Time since death?
• What are the stages of decomposition?
• Impact of environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, etc.) on the decomposition process?
• Impact of weather conditions (rain, drought, etc.) on the state of the body?
• Does the body had been moved from its original location?
• There are any signs of disturbance or alteration to the body’s position?
• What types of insects are present, and at what stages of development?
• How does the presence of insect larvae helps in estimating the time of death?
• Are there any signs of trauma or other injuries visible on the bones?
• What is the likely sequence of events leading to the body’s current state?
• How do the remains’ condition and location correlate with other evidence at the crime scene?
• Are there signs of scavenger activity or animal interference with the remains?
• How have animals impacted the decomposition process?

Application

Assists in identifying decomposed, burned, or mutilated remains, and in the investigation of genocide and mass graves.

Definition

A specialised field of forensic science which deals with the systematic and scientific examination and study of human skeletal remains (decomposed, burned, mutilated or otherwise unrecognisable) in a legal context.

Legal Questions

• What was the Origin of remains (Human or Non-human)?
• Do the remains belong to a single individual or a group of persons?
• What age was the individual at the time of death?
• What was the sex of the individual? What was the person’s stature?
• What is the race of an individual or persons (in case of mass grave)?
• What was the cause of death?

Application

Assists in identifying decomposed, burned, or mutilated remains, and in the investigation of genocide and mass graves.

Identification Markers

Identification marker in forensic anthropology refers to a unique characteristic that can help to estimate age, sex, stature or distinguish race or origin of remains or individualisation of a person.

For example: Sub pubic angle:

• In male it is V shaped and small with sharp edges
• In Female it is U shaped , round and large